Modeling Environmental Impacts of Plankton Reservoirs on Cholera Population Dynamics

نویسندگان

  • Guillaume Constantin de Magny
  • Jean-François Guégan
  • Bernard Cazelles
  • Michel de Lara
  • Jean-François Delmas
چکیده

Cholera remains a major public health problem with significant mortality, and numerous re-emergences have been observed in the last decade in many developing countries. Previous analyses have suggested a complex process for cholera disease emergence and spread, particularly related to environmental factors associated to aquatic habitats. To disentangle the complexity of these ecological and epidemiological processes and to understand the dynamics of cholera epidemics, mathematical models are needed. Here we review the state-of-the-art of cholera models before proposing a modified model that integrates some influential environmental drivers. Particularly, as statistical analyses have revealed that chlorophyll a concentration had a significant influence over cholera epidemics our model incorporates this association, we suggest a new model where the disease starts with a bloom of phytoplankton, and then spreads in human community. Résumé. Le choléra demeure un grave problème de santé publique avec une mortalité importante et avec de nombreux phénomènes de ré-émergences ces dix dernières années dans les pays en développement. Les analyses antérieures ont évoqué des processus complexes à l’origine de la dynamique de la maladie et plus particulièrement des relations avec les écosystèmes aquatiques et les facteurs environnementaux associés. Les modèles mathématiques sont nécessaires pour améliorer notre compréhension de la complexité de ces processus écologiques et épidémiologiques, et pour mieux appréhender la dynamique des épidémies de choléra. Ici, nous passons en revue l’état de l’art des modèles sur le choléra avant de proposer un modèle modifié intégrant des forçages environnementaux. En particulier, des analyses statistiques ayant révélé que la concentration en chlorophylle-a avait une influence significative sur lesépidémies de choléra, notre modèle intègre cette association et nous proposons un nouveau modèle dans lequel la maladie est initiée par un bloom phytoplanctonique puis se propage dans la population humaine. 1 Génétique et Évolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS/IRD 2724, IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; e-mail: [email protected] 2 MODAL’X, UFR SEGMI, Université Paris X Nanterre, 200 avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre Cedex, France; e-mail: [email protected] 3 UMR CNRS 7625, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex, France; e-mail: [email protected] 4 ENPC-CERMICS, 6 avenue Blaise Pascal, Champs-sur-Marne, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex, France; e-mail: [email protected] 5 ENPC-CERMICS, 6 avenue Blaise Pascal, Champs-sur-Marne, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex, France; e-mail: [email protected] 6 Génétique et Évolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS/IRD 2724, IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; e-mail: [email protected] c © EDP Sciences, SMAI 2005 Article published by EDP Sciences and available at http://www.edpsciences.org/proc or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/proc:2005013 A NEW EPIDEMIC MODELS FOR CHOLERA 157

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تاریخ انتشار 2005